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Rock art research in Tanzania has mainly focused on the fine line depictions and some finger-painted shapes at the Kondoa World Heritage site in the central region. A pocket of finger-painted rock art in Bukoba district, Kagera region, north-western Tanzania has received limited attention, since James Chaplin’s descriptive survey in the 1960s. This paper draws on Chaplin’s work and tentative descriptions and attributions of other scholars; on archaeological, oral traditions and historical linguistic sources to attempt a more nuanced understanding of the rock art and its landscape. Focusing on field work conducted in 2012, I attempt to show the relationships between sites (the images depicted) and, to propose the rock art (and its landscape) as a strategy for social relations amidst spiritual and political power dynamics amongst early farming communities in Kagera region.