The early history of Rome has traditionally been tied to the ancient literary tradition, predominantly focusing on the narratives of its mythical kings. However, over the past few decades, two important advances have fundamentally reshaped our understanding of Early Rome. The first major development stems from the growing body of archaeological evidence, which has assumed a pivotal role in quantitative analyses of the early city’s development. This shift in focus has brought about a more nuances and data-driven perspective on Rome’s formative years. Concurrently, there has been a remarkable integration of theoretical and methodological paradigms deriving from the natural and social sciences. This interdisciplinary approach has prompted a comprehensive re-evaluation of Early Rome. The impact of this new archaeological data and cross-disciplinary approaches is increasingly being felt. This paper serves as a synthesis and critical examination of the latest research trends, methodological shifts, and significant findings within the field.